S.  Yamaguti, Systema Helminthum, Vol. IV. Monogenea and Aspidocotylea. New York: Interscience Publishers, New York, 1963, p. 699.

M.  Srinivasan, Haq, B. M. A., Yogaraj, G., and Balakrisnan, S., Grouper fish biodiversity in Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve. National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai (India), 2008.

A. M.  Parukhin, Parasitic worms in food fishes of the southern seas. 1976, p. 183.

P. C.  Heemstra and Randall, J. E., FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epi- Authors nephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date., vol. 125. Rome: FAO, Rome, 1993, p. 382.

Y. C.  chong and Chao, T. M., Common disease of marine food fish, vol. 2. Primary Production Department, Republic of Singapore, 1984, p. 34.